According to a report from the Christian Science Monitor, before 1845 states were allowed to open polling stations in the 34 days before the Electoral College met on the first Wednesday in December. You won’t find anything in the Constitution about which day should be election day. So how did we end up with the first Tuesday after a Monday in November as our election day?

More specifically:

-Why November?
-Why the first Tuesday after a Monday in November?

The answer may be due to farming and faith. 

In the middle of the 19th Century, America was a country of farmers. That reality meant that maximizing productivity during each day of a growing season was vital to the family farm. November represented the first month when farmers might have time to travel to a city to cast their votes. Watch the video below (source: theblaze.com)